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The House Stuteville
A Chronology of the De Stuteville Family in Yorkshire
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Headlines are in brown.
Dates are in red.
Hyperlinks to other pages are in dark blue.
References and citations are in turquoise.
Context and local history are in purple.
Geographical context is in green.
After the Norman Conquest, the political
history of Yorkshire was largely focused on the Barons.
1086
Domesday Book published.
By the time of The Domesday Book, William had
redistributed the old estates to his supporters. There was a new aristocracy of
Norman, Breton and Flemish landowners. The manor and Estate of Chirchebi
(Kirkbymoorside) has passed to High Fitz Baldric.
In England Hugh son of Baldric was an
important tenant-in-chief in Yorkshire, and to a smaller extent in
Lincolnshire; he also held two manors in Nottinghamshire, single holdings in
Wiltshire and Berkshire, and interests in four holdings in Hampshire. In
Yorkshire Hugh son of Baldric held about 50 manors with many berewicks and
sokeland, assessed at approximately 410 carucates. Hugh son of Baldric was
given mixed estates which included those of Kofsi, Arnketil, Thorr, Orm and
others.
But Hugh Fitz Baldric died at his
hometown of Cottingham in 1086.
The greater part of these holdings
passed, presumably by royal grant, to Robert de Stuteville. 'The estates of
Hugh son of Baldric, Domesday lord of Cottingham, were divided after his death
and the bulk of his lands in Yorkshire passed to Robert I de Stuteville.' Ivor John Sanders, English Baronies: A Study of Their
Origins and Descent 1086-1327
Kirkbymoorside passed to Robert de Stuteville.
Robert
II of Stuteville was born
about 1084 in Yorkshire. Son of Robert (Estouteville) d'Estouteville I. Brother
of Nicolas I (Estouteville) Stuteville and Emma (Estouteville) de Grentmesnil.
Husband of Erneburge (Fitzbaldric) Stuteville.
He married
Jeanne (Talbot) de Stuteville.
Their children
were Burga (Stuteville) Pantulf, Nicholas (Stuteville) de Stuteville, Alice
(Stuteville) Fleming, Osmund (Stuteville) de Stuteville, John (Stuteville) de
Stuteville, Patrick (Stuteville) de Stuteville and Robert (Stuteville) de
Stuteville III.
It is not
believed that he held lands in England.
1106
Henry I defeated his elder brother and rival
Robert Curthose at the Battle of Tinchebrai.
After his victory he visited York and Pickering.
Henry I redistributed land from Robert Curtose’s supporters, including Robert de Stuteville to his new men, including Nigel d’Albini, ancestor of the Mowbray
family and Robert de Brus.
A supporter of Robert Curthose with his
father, Robert was captured at St.Pierre-sur-Dive
shortly before the battle of Tinchebrai, Robert II de Stuteville (Robert Grundebeof,) had supported Robert of
Normandy at the battle of Tinchebray in 1106, where he was taken captive and
kept in prison for the rest of his life.
The de Stutevilles were deprived of the
estate in 1106 when it was granted to Nigel d’Aubigny, one of Henry I’s “new men”
1138
Died after 1138
after about age 54 in Cottingham, Yorkshire.
1154
Roger de Mowbray, son of Niel Daubeney, grantee of the
Stuteville lands, was holding Kirkbymoorside.
Robert de
Stuteville, grandson of the first Robert, laid claim to the barony.
Roger gave him
Kirkbymoorside for 10 knights’ fees in satisfaction of his claim. This
arrangement however was not ratified in the King’s courts.
Robert
III de Stuteville Baron of Cottingham
was son of Robert II de Stuteville (from Estouteville in Normandy), one of the
northern barons who commanded the English at the battle of the Standard in
August 1138.
1158
Robert III de
Stuteville was witness to a charter of Henry II of England on 8 January 1158 at
Newcastle-on-Tyne. He was a justice itinerant in the counties of Cumberland and
Northumberland in 1170–1171, and High Sheriff of Yorkshire from Easter 1170 to
Easter 1175.
1166
The Stutevilles
favoured the Benedictine monks of Saint Mary's Abbey, York, and their own small
House of nuns founded at Keldholme, near Kirkbymoorside. Rievaulx Abbey was
unable to sustain its claim to the Farndale property and a little before 1166
Robert De Stuteville granted to Keldholme Priory timber and wood in Farndale,
together with a vaccary, pasture and cultivated land in East Bransdale. This
implies some earlier settlements, but not very much. The Keldholme property in
Bransdale, which can still be identified in the survey of 1610, never amounted
to more than 40 or 50 acres at Cockayn at the head of the valley. At about the
same time Robert gave to Saint Mary's Abbey, who held the nearby Manor of
Spaunton, as much timber and wood as they required together with pasture and
pannage of pigs in Farndale. All the documents mentioned so far clearly
indicate that Farndale was regularly primarily as a resource of timber and
pasture in the mid 12th century, with little evidence of settlement.
1172
Henry the Young King allied himself with
the King of Scotland in 1172 and rebelled. Some of the sokemen of Pickering were fined for their involvement.
Bernard de Balliol and Robert de
Stuteville captured the Scottish King at Alnwick and imprisoned him at Richmond Castle.
Roger Mowbray
of Thirsk joined the rebels and he was attacked by royal forces. He was
defeated on two occasions around Northallerton.
There was peace by 1175, when Robert de
Stuteville supervised the building of castles in Edinburgh and Scarborough.
Roger de
Mowbray was compelled to hand back Kirkbymoorside to the de Stutevilles along
with many other fees.
The rising Stuteville family recovered
much of the old estate forfeited by their ancestors, including Kirkbymoorside.
1174
The King's
Knaresborough Castle and Appleby Castle were in Robert de Stuteville’s custody
in April 1174, when they were captured by David of Scotland, Earl of
Huntingdon. Stuteville, with his brothers and sons, was active in support of
the king during the war of 1174, and he took a prominent part in the capture of
William the Lion at Alnwick on 13 July (Rog. Hov. ii. 60).
1177
He was one of
the witnesses to the Spanish award on 16 March 1177, and from 1174 to 1181 was
constantly in attendance on the king, both in England and abroad.
Stuteville by
his wife, Helewise de Murdac, had two sons William and Nicholas and two
daughters, Burga, who was married to William de Vesci and Helewise, who was
married firstly to William de Lancaster, secondly to Hugh de Morville and
thirdly to William de Greystoke. He may have also had sons Robert, Eustace and
Osmund. Robert de Stuteville was probably brother of the Roger de Stuteville
who was sheriff of Northumberland from 1170 to 1185, and defended Wark on Tweed
Castle against William the Lion in 1174.
Roger received
charge of Edinburgh Castle in 1177, and he built the first Burton Agnes Manor
House. However Roger may have been his kinsman, not his brother, as son of
Osmund de Stuteville (b. about 1125, of Burton Agnes, Yorkshire, England, d.
before Sep 1202) and his wife (m. abt 1146) Isabel de Gressinghall, daughter of
William Fitz Roger de Gressinghall.
He is the probable
founder of the nunneries of Keldholme and Rosedale, Yorkshire, and was a
benefactor of Rievaulx Abbey.
1186
He seems to
have died in the early part of 1186. He claimed the barony, which had been
forfeited by his grandfather, from Roger de Mowbray, who by way of compromise
gave him Kirby Moorside.
1200
A dispute broke
out again between William de Stuteville, son
of Robert de Mowbray, grandson of Roger.
Finally William
de Mowbray confirmed the previous agreement and gave 9 knights’ fees in
augmentum.
Henceforward
Kirkby Moorside was held of the Mowbrays by the heirs
of the Stutevilles until the end of the 14th century.
William de
Stuteville was succeeded by his brother Nicholas de
Stuteville, who fought against the King at Lincoln and was taken
prisoner there. He bound his manors of Kirkby Moorside and Lidell to pay 1,000
marks as his ransom.
Nicholas de
Stuteville was the second son of Robert III de Stuteville and Helewise Murdac.
Nicholas was heir to his brother William.
Nicholas’s wife
was Gunnora d'Aubigny daughter of Raoul de Aubigny and Sybil de Valgones, they
had the following known issue:
·
Robert
de Stuteville (died 1213), married Sibyl de Valognes, had issue.
·
Nicholas
de Stuteville, married Dervorguilla filias Lochlann of Galloway, had Joan de
Stuteville who later married Hugh Wake and secondly Hugh le Bigod and Margaret
de Stuteville she married William de Mustac
1201
King John stayed overnight at William de
Stuteville’s Cottingham Castle in 1201 and William de Stuteville bought the
office of sheriff of Yorkshire.
1216
Nicholas de Stuteville was one of the barons who met at Stamford in
1216.
1217
Nicholas was captured at the Battle of
Lincoln on 20 May 1217, by William Marshall and paid 1,000 marks for his
release.
1218
He died in 1218 and was succeeded by his
grandson Eustace de Stuteville.
From about 1230
Assarting was
clearly proceeding apace in the middle decades of the 13th century, since Lady
Joan de Stuteville successfully prosecuted the Abbot of Saint Mary's, York, for
exceeding her rights of taking wood in Farndale by actually assarting 100 acres
of land.
1232
Nicolas de
Stuteville’s son Nicholas de Stuteville the Younger
in 1232 quitclaimed common of pasture of Farndale to the Abbot of St Mary’s,
York.
1233
Nicholas de
Stuteville the Younger died, leaving two daughters and co-heirs, Joan wife of Hugh Wake and Margaret, whose
marriage had been granted to William de Mastac.
Joan
de Stuteville, heiress of
Cottingham, born 1216. She was the daughter of Nicholas II de Stuteville and
Devorguilla of Galloway, wife of Hugh Wake, feudal lord of Bourne and Hugh
Bigod, Chief Justice of England, mother of Nicholas Wake, Sir; Sir Hugh Wake;
Sir Baldwin Wake, III, Lord of Bourne; Joan Burnet; Roger Bigod, 5th Earl of
Norfolk and 2 others, the sister of Margaret de Stuteville, the half sister of
Nicholas III de Stuteville. This Joan, better known as the "Fair Maid of
Kent," [not sure this is right - see below] survived her
husband, and, resuming her maiden name, left the barony to her son, Baldwin de
Wake. The impression of her seal bore the device of a lady riding on horseback
sideways, a style which she is said to have been the first to adopt. The Wake
line ended in three co-heiresses, one of whom married the Earl of Westmoreland,
who succeeded to the barony of Kirbymoorside, and it remained in the possession
of this family until 1570.
1241
Hugh
Wake died in or about 1241,
and Joan obtained the custody of his heirs until their full age. She married,
as her second husband, Hugh le Bigod, but as
a widow was known as Joan de Stutville.
1255
Margaret was
dead, and Joan now had her lands.
1272
Before
Margaret’s death she had enfeoffed in the manor of Kirkby Moorside her son Baldwin Wake. Baldwin took homage of the King as
her heir in 1276.
1276
Joan de
Stuteville died on or about 6 April 1276.
1282
Baldwin Wake
died in 1282 and was succeeded by his son and heir John,
who was summoned to Parliament as Lord Wake
by Edward I.
1298
John enfeoffed
the king of his lands in 1298, and they were regranted to him and his wife Joan in fee simple in the same year.
Joan outlived her
husband, and was ‘lady of Liddell’ during the minority of her son Thomas Wake.
The custody of
this boy was granted to Henry de Percy, who transferred it to the Society of
the Ballardi of Lucca. This was not ratified by the King, but later ‘not
recollecting the confirmation of the grant’, he “caused the manor, then
in the hands of the merchants, to be taken into his hands, and he delivered it
with fees &c, who since he has held the said manor has received £340 out of
the issues thereof, for which Henry de Percy has made supplication to the King
to caused satisfaction to be made to the merchants for his exoneration.”
1349
Thomas Wake
remained in possession of the relevant lands including Kirkbymoorside until he
died in 1349.
His heir was
his sister Margaret, wife of Edmund Earl of
Kent, whose son John succeeded her.
Margaret Wake, suo jure 3rd Baroness Wake of Liddell and
Countess of Kent (c. 1297 – 19 September 1349), was the wife of Edmund of
Woodstock, 1st Earl of Kent, the youngest surviving son of Edward I of England
and Margaret of France.
By 1349,
merchant ships transported rats carrying the black death to Britain. The black
death soon swept through the villages in the south and then the north of
Britain. Soon it swept through most
villages in Britain.
1352
John died three
years later, however without issue, and his sister Joan,
‘the fair maid of Kent’, was his heir. Her first husband was Thomas
Holand, created Earl of Kent in 1360, by whom he had a son and heir Thomas
Holand.
Joan, Countess
of Kent (29 September 1326 or 1327 to 7 August 1385), known as the Fair Maid of
Kent, was the mother of King Richard II of England, her son by her third
husband, Edward the Black Prince, son and heir apparent of King Edward III.
Although the French chronicler Jean Froissart called her "the most
beautiful woman in all the realm of England, and the most loving", the
appellation "Fair Maid of Kent" does not appear to be
contemporary. Joan inherited the titles 4th Countess of Kent and 5th Baroness
Wake of Liddell after the death of her brother John, 3rd Earl of Kent, in 1352.
Joan was made a Lady of the Garter in 1378.
Joan was the
daughter of Edmund of Woodstock, 1st Earl of Kent, by his wife, Margaret Wake,
3rd Baroness Wake of Liddell. Edmund was the sixth son of King Edward I of
England by his second wife, Margaret of France, daughter of King Philip III of
France. Edmund was always a loyal supporter of his eldest half-brother, King
Edward II, which placed him in conflict with that monarch's wife, Queen
Isabella of France and her lover Roger Mortimer, 1st Earl of March. Edmund was
executed in 1330 after Edward II was deposed; and Edmund's widow and four
children (including Joan, who was only two years old at the time) were placed
under house arrest in Arundel Castle in Sussex, which had been granted to
Edmund in 1326 by his half-brother the king following the execution of the
rebel Edmund FitzAlan, 9th Earl of Arundel. It was a time of great strain for
the widowed Countess of Kent and her four children. They received respite after
the new king, Edward III (Joan's half-first cousin), reached adulthood and took
charge of affairs. He took on the responsibility for the family and looked
after them well.
In 1340, at the
age of about thirteen, Joan secretly married 26-year-old Thomas Holland of Up
Holland, Lancashire, without first gaining the royal consent necessary for
couples of their rank. Shortly after the wedding, Holland left for the
continent as part of the English expedition into Flanders and France. The
following winter (1340 or 1341), while Holland was overseas, Joan's family
arranged for her to marry William Montagu, son and heir of William Montagu, 1st
Earl of Salisbury. It is not known if Joan confided to anyone about her first
marriage before marrying Montagu, who was her own age. Later, Joan indicated
that she had not announced her existing marriage with Thomas Holland because
she was afraid it would lead to Holland's execution for treason. She may also
have been influenced to believe that the earlier marriage was invalid.
Montagu's father died in 1344, and he became the 2nd Earl of Salisbury.
1361
Transfer
of the lands of Kirkbymoorside (including lands in Farndale, Gillyngmore,
Brauncedale and Fademore) from Thomas de Holand earl of Kent to his widow Joan.
1365
Later Joan
married Edward the Black Prince, with whom in 1365 she settled this manor on
Thomas and Alice his wife and their heirs, with reversion to the prince and
herself.
On 10 October
1361 the Black Prince, then 31, married his cousin Joan, Countess of Kent,
daughter of Edmund of Woodstock, Earl of Kent, younger son of Edward I, and
Margaret, daughter of Philip III of France, and widow of Thomas Lord Holland,
and in right of his wife Earl of Kent, then in her thirty-third year, and the
mother of three children. As the prince and the countess were related in the
third degree, and also by the spiritual tie of
sponsorship, the prince being godfather to Joan's elder son Thomas, a
dispensation was obtained for their marriage from Pope Innocent VI, though they
appear to have been contracted before it was applied for. The marriage was
performed at Windsor, in the presence of King Edward III, by Simon Islip
Archbishop of Canterbury. According to Jean Froissart the contract of marriage
(the engagement) was entered into without the knowledge of the king. The prince
and his wife resided at Berkhamsted Castle in Hertfordshire and held the manor
of Princes Risborough from 1343; though local history describes the estate as
"his palace", many sources suggest it was used more as a hunting
lodge.
1397
In 1397 Thomas Earl of Kent died and Alice was left in possession for life. Of her
sons, Thomas the Elder was beheaded as a
traitor in 1399 and his brother Edmund died before his mother in 1408, when the
earldom of Kent fell into abeyance.
Early Yorkshire
Families and Illustrative Documents, 1973, Yorkshire Archaeological Society
.